Unveiling Potential Active Constituents and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Pudilanxiaoyan Oral Liquid for Anti-Coronavirus Pneumonia Using Network Pharmacology

Abstract The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), defined as a worldwide pandemic, has been public health emergency international concern. Pudilanxiaoyan oral liquid (PDL), an effective drug Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is considered to be and alternative means for clinical prevention COVID-19. purpose this study was identify potential active constituents PDL, explore its underlying anti-COVID-19 mechanism using network pharmacology. Integration target prediction (SwissTargetPrediction STITCH database) used elucidate the components PDL. Protein–protein interaction analyses, gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes pathway enrichment construction, molecular docking were applied analyze prospective mechanisms predicted genes. Our results showed that key ingredients in PDL luteolin, apigenin, esculetin, chrysin, baicalein, oroxylin A, baicalin, wogonin, cymaroside, gallic acid. A majority targets mainly involved pathways related viral infection, lung injury, inflammatory responses. An vitro further inferred inhibiting activity nuclear factor (NF)-кB signaling by which exerted effects. This not only provides chemical basis pharmacology but also rationale strategies exploring future TCM COVID-19 therapy.